Rudra

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Monday, January 30, 2023

HTML Reference

Tag	Description
<!--...-->	Defines a comment
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type
<a>	Defines a hyperlink
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<acronym>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead. Defines an acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<applet>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead. Defines an embedded applet
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map
<article>	Defines an article
<aside>	Defines content aside from the page content
<audio>	Defines embedded sound content
<b>	Defines bold text
<base>	Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
<bdi>	Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo>	Overrides the current text direction
<big>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines big text
<blockquote>	Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<body>	Defines the document's body
<br>	Defines a single line break
<button>	Defines a clickable button
<canvas>	Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<center>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines centered text
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<code>	Defines a piece of computer code
<col>	Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<data>	Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
<datalist>	Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<dd>	Defines a description/value of a term in a description list
<del>	Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<details>	Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dfn>	Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<dialog>	Defines a dialog box or window
<dir>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead. Defines a directory list
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<dl>	Defines a description list
<dt>	Defines a term/name in a description list
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<embed>	Defines a container for an external application
<fieldset>	Groups related elements in a form
<figcaption>	Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure>	Specifies self-contained content
<font>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines font, color, and size for text
<footer>	Defines a footer for a document or section
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<frame>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a set of frames
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<head>	Contains metadata/information for the document
<header>	Defines a header for a document or section
<hr>	Defines a thematic change in the content
<html>	Defines the root of an HTML document
<i>	Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<iframe>	Defines an inline frame
<img>	Defines an image
<input>	Defines an input control
<ins>	Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input
<label>	Defines a label for an <input> element
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<li>	Defines a list item
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<main>	Specifies the main content of a document
<map>	Defines an image map
<mark>	Defines marked/highlighted text
<meta>	Defines metadata about an HTML document
<meter>	Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav>	Defines navigation links
<noframes>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<noscript>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<object>	Defines a container for an external application
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<output>	Defines the result of a calculation
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object
<picture>	Defines a container for multiple image resources
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<progress>	Represents the progress of a task
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<rp>	Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt>	Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby>	Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s>	Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp>	Defines sample output from a computer program
<script>	Defines a client-side script
<section>	Defines a section in a document
<select>	Defines a drop-down list
<small>	Defines smaller text
<source>	Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<span>	Defines a section in a document
<strike>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead. Defines strikethrough text
<strong>	Defines important text
<style>	Defines style information for a document
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<summary>	Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<svg>	Defines a container for SVG graphics
<table>	Defines a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<td>	Defines a cell in a table
<template>	Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<time>	Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<title>	Defines a title for the document
<tr>	Defines a row in a table
<track>	Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<tt>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines teletype text
<u>	Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<var>	Defines a variable
<video>	Defines embedded video content
<wbr>	Defines a possible line-break

Sunday, January 29, 2023

What is Kaleidoscope ?

https://rrchemtech.com/

What is a Kaleidoscope?

A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument consisting of two or more reflecting surfaces. These surfaces are tilted towards each other at a certain angle to obtain symmetrical patterns when viewed from the other end. The tube with reflecting surfaces consists of coloured pieces of glass. By rotating the tube, symmetrical images are created.

The word kaleidoscope is derived from the Ancient Greek words “Kalos” meaning “beautiful”, “eidos” meaning “that which is seen” and “skopeo” meaning “to look”. David Brewster, a Scottish inventor, invented the kaleidoscope on July 10, 1817.

In a kaleidoscope, the sunlight is bounced by the glass, and coloured beads are present inside and are reflected in the mirrors to create magnificent picturesque patterns. These patterns offer an excellent visual treat to the person who looks through the kaleidoscope. It’s fun to watch and observe the mixing and matching patterns created inside the kaleidoscopes.

Principle of Kaleidoscope

The basic principles used in the kaleidoscope are the laws of reflection, and white light is a combination of VIBGYOR. When the white light hits the surface of the mirror, it gets reflected at an angle such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Due to these multiple reflections of light, there is a creation of these beautiful patterns.

According to the second principle, white light passes through the coloured objects present in the kaleidoscope so that most of the light is absorbed by these objects.

Kaleidoscope Uses

A kaleidoscope is an optical toy consisting of two or more mirrors at particular angles. Some common uses of the kaleidoscope are:

Kaleidoscope produces beautiful patterns that are used by fashion designers.

A kaleidoscope is used as a toy for entertainment.

How to Make A Kaleidoscope?

Create a kaleidoscope and enjoy the various colours and patterns. Kaleidoscope works on the principle of reflection. Let us learn how to make a kaleidoscope.

Things you will need:

Plastic (See-through and coloured)

Overhead Transparency Paper

Pencil

Masking/Duct tape (One Roll)

Mirrored Perspex (3 Pieces)

Procedure

Use the three pieces of mirrored perspex and place them in the form of a triangle. Try to ensure that it has a solid structure and is taped on the outside of the triangle.

Sketch the small triangle located at the edge of the kaleidoscope to the overhead transparency paper (set aside 1 cm extra around the triangle to allow folding of the paper).

Keep the transparency paper to the kaleidoscope edge and cut the narrow openings at the corners, which would facilitate the folding of the corners easily.

Attach the paper to a separate place.

Make another triangle by drawing it, and this time it should be 2 cm larger than the earlier one.

Choose the kind of plastic colour you would like to put inside the kaleidoscope. Take off small paper cuttings that would sit well on the transparent paper.

Place the coloured plastic at the end of the kaleidoscope that has a transparency paper and add another transparency paper (triangle) a little bigger than the earlier one. Keep the second triangle upside down so that there would be ample space for plastic to shift between the two transparencies.

Once you have finished making the kaleidoscope, design it beautifully with colours, glitters and so on.

What Happens Next?

You might have noticed that the kaleidoscope works on white light shifting through the mirrors inside. When students look through the mirror, they will find different colour patterns owing to the symmetrical design formed by the mirrors placed in the right places.

Hope you have understood how to make a kaleidoscope. Give it a try and enjoy creating your kaleidoscope.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What is the interference of light?

Interference is the phenomenon in which two light waves superpose to form the resultant wave of the lower, higher or same amplitude.

Kaleidoscope features how many reflecting surfaces?

A kaleidoscope features two or more reflecting surfaces.

Who invented the kaleidoscope?

The kaleidoscope was invented by David Brewster.

Kaleidoscope works on which principle of light?

Kaleidoscope works on the principle of reflection.

What is a Kaleidoscope?

A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument that features two or more mirrors at a particular angle.

Thursday, January 26, 2023

What is question hour?

The question hour is an important mechanism through which the Member of Parliament can see information about the working of the government. By asking questions, the government is altered about its shortcomings and also comes to know the opinion of people through their representatives in the Parliament—MPs.

Tuesday, January 24, 2023

What is Rajya Sabha?

•it is also known as the 'Council of States'.

•maximum 250 members.

•The members of rajya sabha are selected for a term of 6 years

What is Lok Sabha?

• it is also known as the 'House of the People'.

• members are elected directly by the people usually once every five years..

• the current strength of the houses 545. It takes 273 seats to form government at the national level.

The consent of citizens:

The quest for participation in a democratic setup also meant the ability to elect representatives in a free and fair election and people's participation in the same. The results of the elections would represent mood of the nation and its citizens. The elected representatives would form governments and represent the people in the Parliament. In other words that citizens were from the government and control it through the choose and representatives.

Participation of the people in the decision-making processes:

Before India became independent in 1947, the Indians had been forced to obet the laws imposed by the British government in which they had little or no roll in the decision-making process. The leaders of the Indian freedom struggle wanted a system in which everyone would be treated equally and allowed to participate in the governance of the country without fear or intimidation. The people would enjoy the rights to raise issues that mattered to them and make their government accountable.

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